NAFLD is a growing cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Several preclinical models (dietary and genetic animal models) of NAFLD have deepened our understanding of its aetiology and pathophysiology. Despite the progress made, there are currently no effective treatments for NAFLD...
Authors: Perdomo CM, Garcia-Fernandez N, Escalada J.
Published in J Clin Med 2021
NAFLD, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease share a common pathophysiology including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis and genetic susceptibilities. The aim of this review by C. M. Perdomo et al...
There are many complex physio-pathologic connections within the brain, gut, and liver axis. This review by E. Rebelos et al. (University of Turku, Finland) is focused on the early pathophysiology of brain, gut, and liver axis in the context of insulin resistance and specifically addresses two pillars of hepatic insulin resistance....
Authors: Kawachi Y, Fujishima Y, Nishizawa H, et al.
Published in JCI Insight 2021
Xanthine oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyses hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively. However, the underlying mechanisms of increased plasma xanthine oxidoreductase and its pathological roles in systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, are not fully understood...
In this editorial, P. Manka Essen University Hospital, Germany) and W. K. Syn (Medical University of South Carolina, USA) comment a study by Benhammou and colleagues, who evaluated the effects of NAFLD risk factors including obesity and diabetes on the long-term outcomes of patients with HCV treated with direct-acting antivirals...
This review by Philippe Lefebvre and Bart Staels (INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France) discusses the accumulating evidence of sexual dimorphism in NAFLD. Liver pathophysiology is sexually dimorphic, and male individuals predominantly show more severe stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver, NASH and fibrosis than do female individuals...
The relationship between NAFLD and chronic kidney disease has attracted much attention recently. NAFLD and chronic kidney disease may share common pathogenic mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and obesity, and thus may potentially share same therapeutic targets. Growing evidence suggests...
Authors: Daemen S, Gainullina A, Kalugotla G, et al.
Published in Cell Rep 2021
Macrophage-mediated inflammation is critical in the pathogenesis of NASH. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, S. Daemen et al. (Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI, USA) evaluated intra-hepatic macrophage composition in a mouse model of obesity with NAFLD and in a model of NASH...
Immunotherapy has been approved for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but biomarker-based stratification of patients for optimal response to therapy is an unmet need. In preclinical models of NASH-induced HCC, therapeutic immunotherapy targeted at programmed death-1 (PD1) expanded..
The World Health Organization’s metric of public health burden is the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), the sum of years of life lost due to premature death and years of life lived with disability. Cirrhosis was responsible for 26.8% fewer DALYs in 2019 than in 1990, which is positive...
Authors: Plaza-Diaz J, Solis-Urra P, Aragon-Vela J, et al.
Published in Biomedicines 2021
NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defence and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH...
This review by M. Longo et al. (IRCCS – Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy) discusses how mitochondrial defects may be translated into causative explanations of NAFLD-driven hepatocellular carcinoma. Acting as central metabolic hubs, the mitochondria rapidly adapt to different metabolic alterations...
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